A Comparison of the Expression of Japanese Idioms and Chinese Idioms─ Based on the Word “Heart”

[[abstract]]慣用句在日語學習上,是不可或缺的重要角色,而且在日常會話或是文章裡常使用得到。而同樣的中文的成語在日常生活中使用頻率很高,也扮演著密不可分的關係。這兩者在使用上可以使日常會話變的更加豐富而且生動,並且也都富有悠久歷史和文化內涵的特性。 本論文研究是關於日文中包含「心」字的慣用句和中文中包含「心」字的成語的比較研究。並且透過本研究可明確比較兩國語言在意思表達上的共同點和相異點。 不管是在日文的慣用句還是中文的成語裡,漢字「心」的使用都非常廣泛,並且該字的涵意也非常多元化。上述兩者的差異點可以從「心」的表達方式和意思中推測出來。另外，日中兩國語言對於相同事物的形容,也會因為文化的差異而有所不同。 首先日語方面從『広辞苑』『国語慣用句大辞典』『大辞泉』去收集含有「心」字的慣用句,而中文方面則是參考『現代中国語成語辞典』和『中国成語辞典』來收集有「心」字的成語作為分析資料。比較類型可以分成四大部分:1.日中包含相似意思的慣用句和成語2.意思相似卻稍有不同的慣用句和成語3.僅限於日語中使用的慣用句4.僅限於中文中使用的成語 研究結果發現,日文中包含「心」字的慣用句, 在日中包含相似意思中非常的多,占了百分之73。而另一方面,中文含有「心」字成語在日中包含相似意思裡也占約全體的一半。透過兩語言的慣用對照比較,去探求兩語言中各有哪些差異。也希望藉由本研究能加深中日兩語言慣用表現上的理解。[[abstract]]The Japanese idiom plays an important role in studying Japanese because they are commonly used in daily conversation or articles Likewise the Chinese idioms are also used frequently and they also play a closely linked and inseparable role Both of them not only enrich our daily conversation and make our daily conversation more vivid but also demonstrate the long history and the features of cultures This thesis provides a comparison of - the word ‘‘Heart’’ in Japanese idioms and in Chinese idioms In addition through this study we can clarify the similarities and differences between the two languages in the expression of meanings The Chinese character ‘‘Heart’’ is widely used in both of the Japanese idioms and Chinese idioms The meaning of the Chinese character ‘‘Heart’’ in both languages is multiple and we can infer the differences of the usage by the way of expression and meanings In addition the culture differences would cause the Japanese and Chinese languages describe the same thing in different ways We proceed with the study by the following ways First we collect the Japanese idioms including the word “Heart”from“Koujien” “Kokugokannyoukudaijitenn” “Daijisen” and the Chinese idioms from“A dictionary of Modern Chinese Idioms”and“A dictionary of Chinese Idioms” For the analysis Secondly we compare the usage in the two languages in the following four aspects: 1 The meaning is similar 2 The meaning is similar but with a little different 3 The meaning is limited to Japanese idioms 4 The meaning is limited to Chinese idioms By comparing the usage in the above four aspects we can uncover the similarities and differences in Japan and Chinese idioms Furthermore we can have more comprehensive understanding in the expression of Japanese idioms and Chinese idiom